Kidney Stone Treatment
Kidney stones are solid, crystalline deposits that develop in the kidneys and can trigger intense pain as they move through the urinary tract.
What Are Kidney Stones?
A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline deposit formed from minerals and salts that accumulate in the kidneys. These stones can develop anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. Kidney stones typically form when urine becomes highly concentrated, causing minerals to crystallize and clump together.
There are various types of kidney stones, with calcium-based stones being the most common. In India, approximately 12% of people experience kidney stones during their lifetime, with men being more frequently affected than women.
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Causes of Kidney Stones
When Surgery is Required
1. Large Stone
The stone is too large to pass naturally (usually stones over 6 mm).
2. Blockage or Infection
Surgery may be needed if there is a blockage in the urinary tract or an associated infection.
3. Unmanageable Pain
When the pain cannot be controlled with medication, surgical intervention may be required.
4. Kidney Function
Surgery is necessary if the stone is affecting kidney function.
Preventing Kidney Stones
Diagnosis of Kidney Stones
To diagnose kidney stones, your doctor will begin by reviewing your medical history, symptoms, lifestyle, diet, and any family history of kidney stones. A physical examination will be conducted to check for tenderness in the abdomen or sides and to identify any signs of infection. Urine tests are essential in detecting substances that contribute to stone formation and identifying possible infections. Additionally, blood tests help determine elevated levels of minerals like calcium or uric acid, which may be responsible for stone development. To accurately assess the size and location of the kidney stones, imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans are used, with CT scans providing the most detailed visualization.
Treatment Options for Kidney Stones
Recovery and Long-term care
Following kidney stone treatment, adhering to your doctor’s guidance is essential for complete recovery and preventing recurrence. Recovery time varies by treatment type, but most patients can return to normal activities within days to weeks. Regular follow-ups help track healing and detect early signs of new stones. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle—including a balanced diet, proper hydration, and avoiding stone-promoting habits—is key to reducing future risk. By following these steps, patients can protect their kidneys, minimize recurrence, and ensure long-term urinary health.
